What is period 1 in AP European history?

In AP® European History, period 1 spans from 1450 to 1648 CE. The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks to excellent resources. As you are reviewing for this era, focus on the key concepts! You can request the full Ultimate Guide to AP European History here.

What are the four factors of capitalism?

Capitalism: Capitalism is an economic system where private entities own the factors of production. The four factors are entrepreneurship, capital goods, natural resources, and labor.

How did the Commercial Revolution affect Western Europe?

Merchants, bankers, and capitalists became the middle class and grew in size and economic power. Due to this Commercial Revolutions, Western Europe shifted to free peasantry and commercial agriculture. However, in the East, serfdom continued and nobles continued to dominate economic life on large estates. In cities, migrants challenged the